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Financial statements Notes to the consolidated financial statements
3. Significant accounting policies
(c) Non-derivative financial instruments
(i) General
Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments in equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, cash and cast
equivalents, loans and borrowings, and trade and other payables.
Non-derivative financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value plus, for instruments not at fair value through profit or loss,
any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition non-derivative financial instruments are measured as
described hereafter.
If Heineken has a legal right to offset financial assets with financial liabilities and if Heineken intends either to settle on a net basis
or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously then financial assets and liabilities are presented in the statement
of financial position as a net amount.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an
integral part of Heineken's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the
statement of cash flows.
Accounting policies for interest income, interest expenses and other net finance income and expenses are discussed in note 3r.
(ii) Held-to maturity investments
If Heineken has the positive intent and ability to hold debt securities to maturity, they are classified as held-to-maturity. Debt securities
are loans and long-term receivables and are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment
losses. Investments held-to-maturity are recognised or derecognised on the day they are transferred to or by Heineken.
(Hi) Available-for-saie investments
Heineken's investments in equity securities and certain debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. Subsequent to initial
recognition, they are measured at fair value and changes therein - other than impairment losses (see note 3i(i)), and foreign
currency differences on available-for-sale monetary items (see note 3b(i)) - are recognised in other comprehensive income and
presented within equity in the fair value reserve. When these investments are derecognised, the relevant cumulative gain or loss
in the fair value reserve is transferred to profit or loss.
Where these investments are interest-bearing, interest calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the profit
or loss. Available-for-sale investments are recognised or derecognised by Heineken on the date it commits to purchase or sell
the investments.
(iv) Investments at fair value through profit or loss
An investment is classified at fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held for trading or is designated as such upon initial
recognition. Investments are designated at fair value through profit or loss if Heineken manages such investments and makes
purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with Heineken's documented risk management or investment
strategy. Upon initial recognition, attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
Investments at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, with changes therein recognised in profit or loss as part
of the other net finance income/(expenses). Investments at fair value through profit and loss are recognised or derecognised by
Heineken on the date it commits to purchase or sell the investments.